26 June 2024
Sunaryo S.Kom
USU PHARMACY PUBLIC RELATION - The Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara has held a Doctoral Promotion Defense (Open Session) of the Doctoral Program in Pharmaceutical Science on Tuesday, June 25, 2024, at 14.00 WIB - finished, in the IMT-GT Room Level 2 of the USU Central Bureau of Administration Building.
The promovenda at the open session this time was Yettrie Bess Congencya Simarmata, with a dissertation, "Formulation and Test of Antidiabetic Effect of Nanoliposomes of Green Round Eggplant Fruit Extract (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrader & Wendland) on Male Rats."
The chairman of the session was the Rector of the Universitas Sumatera Utara, Prof. Dr. Muryanto Amin, S.Sos., M.Si, with the supervisory commission: Prof. Dr. Anayanti Arianto, M.Si., Apt as Promoter; Prof. Dr. Tri Widyawati, M.Si., Ph.D as Co-Promoter; and Dr. M. Pandapotan Nasution, M.S., Apt as Co-Promoter, while the examiners outside the commission: Prof. Dr. Urip Harahap, Apt; Dr. Sumaiyah, S.Si., M.Si., Apt; Prof. Dr. Henny Lucida, Apt; and Prof. Dr. dr. Blondina Marpaung, Sp.PD., KR.
Brief Description of Promovenda Dissertation:
Drug delivery systems can affect the effects of drugs in the body. One of the most rapidly used drug delivery systems is the nanoliposome form. This form can be inverted in various drug dosage forms, both modern medicine and natural medicine, as extracts. Green round eggplant (TBH) (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrader & Wendland) is known to contain quercetin and flavonoids that act as antidiabetics, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories. This study aims to assess nanoliposome formulation in green round eggplant extract that is most active as an antidiabetic. The study was conducted experimentally on Wistar rats. Standardization and phytochemical screening were performed on simplisia and extracts. Extracts were obtained by multistage maceration method using n-hexane (NHTBH), ethyl acetate (EEATBH), ethanol (EETBH), and water (EATBH) solvents. A glucose tolerance test was conducted on normal animals, while antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were tested on type 2 diabetes mellitus rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide in 3 stages. First, 6 groups (n=5): negative control (K(-)), positive control (Glibenclamide (K(+)), extracts (NHTBH; EEATBH; EETBH; EATBH 200 mg/kgbb dose), were treated for 15 days with blood glucose level (KGD) parameters, second, nanoliposome formulation optimization with organoleptic parameters of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle size morphology, sorption efficiency, stability and drug release test. Furthermore, third, the evaluation of nanoliposome formulation was carried out on the most active extract by treatment for 21 days with KGD parameters, insulin levels, pancreatic histopathology, SOD, MDA, and TnF-alpha.
The characteristics of the simplisia and extracts met the Indonesian Materia Medica standard. The glucose tolerance test showed the percentage reduction of KGD at the 120th minute, which was the greatest was EEATBH 200 mg/kg bb by 60.91% and was not significantly different from the glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg bb group, which was the percentage reduction of KGD by 60.90%. Antidiabetic test on the 15th day, the average decrease in KGD for each group of rats showed that the EEATBH 200 mg/kg bb group had the largest percent decrease in KGD, which was 72.47% and was not significantly different from the glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg bb group, which was a percentage decrease in KGD of 72.38%. The results show that ethyl acetate extract has the most potential as an antidiabetic. Nanoliposomes produced are dark green in color, odorless, and thick in consistency. From the evaluation results, the optimum nanoliposome formulation is nanoliposomes made with a sonication time of 30 minutes. The pH test results in F1 (5.97 ± 0.06), F2 (6.13 ± 0.06), and F3 (5.97 ± 0.15). Particle size results in F1 (162.57±6.37 nm), F2 (143.97±0.64 nm), and F3 (154.17±0.51 nm). The polydispersion index (PI) results were F1 (0.239±0.02), F2 (0.263±0.07), and F3 (0.273±0.01). The zeta potential results of F1 (-42.133±0.586), F2 (-25.367±0.404) and F3 (-53.367±0.115). All nanoliposome formulas were stable during storage at low temperatures, spherical and multilamellar morphology, the absorption efficiency of F1 (89.711 ± 0.873), F2 (92.981 ± 0.347), and F3 (90.670 ± 0.095) and met the requirements of sustained release and belonged to the zero-order drug release kinetics. The results showed that in the KGD reduction test, NEEATBH 100 mg/kgbb was the highest at 74.31%. The highest insulin level in the NEEATBH 100 mg/kgbb group was 615,223 pg/ml. Histopathology of the pancreas showed that the NEEATBH 100 mg/kg bb group showed a histopathological picture close to the normal group. Still, the Na-CMC group had inflammation in pancreatic beta cells, edema and cariolysis in pancreatic beta cells, irregular and enlarged islets of Langerhans. The SOD level of NEEATBH 100 mg/kg bw was 11.73 ng/ml. The lowest MDA levels were in the NEEATBH 100 mg/kg bw group at 4.619 ng/ml. The lowest TNF-α level was the NEEATBH 100 mg/kg BW group at 1.213 pg/ml. Nanoliposomes of green round eggplant ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bb showed the best antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities characterized by the lowest levels of KGD, MDA, and TNF-α and the highest levels of insulin and SOD with a histopathological picture that was close to normal.
CONGRATULATIONS & SUCCESS to Yettrie Bess Congencya Simarmata for obtaining her Doctorate!
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